Anatoly Alexeyevich Karatsuba (Grozny, Soviet Union, January 31, 1937 – Moscow, Russia, September 28, 2008) was a Russian mathematician working in the field of analytic number theory, p-adic numbers and Dirichlet series. For most of his student and professional life he was associated with the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University, defending a D.Sc.